Khadim H Dahot’s The Dictionary of Indus Sufis and Saints serves as a comprehensive resource for understanding the rich spiritual heritage of the Indus Valley, particularly in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. This dictionary provides concise accounts of the lives, works, and legacies of Sufis and saints who have profoundly influenced the spiritual landscape of the region. The author employs a meticulous methodology in selecting entries, with the first criterion encompassing all Sufis, saints, sages, and seers associated with Sindh, including those of Sindhi origin who passed away abroad and those of foreign origin who died in Sindh. The second criterion emphasises Sufis and mystics who have established notable cults within Sindh, complete with dedicated shrines and annual feasts known as Urs, where devotees gather to pay homage.
Title: The Dictionary of Indus Sufis and Saints
Author: Khadim H Dahot ‘Khaliq’
Publisher: Hama Ust, Civic Center, Khairpur-66020
Year: 2023
Price: Rs. 2000/-
The dictionary spans a diverse range of figures, from the renowned to the obscure, chronicling both early and contemporary saints. It offers valuable insights into the tradition of Indus hagiography and traces the historical trajectory of Sufi saints from ancient times to the present day. Each entry is meticulously crafted, providing not only biographical details but also contextual information about the spiritual and cultural significance of these figures. Furthermore, the work includes bibliographies for further exploration and a topographical index that lists various places throughout Sindh associated with these saints, making it an invaluable reference for devotees, novices, and serious researchers alike.
The dictionary is the culmination of a decade of dedicated research by the author, who has reviewed hundreds of sources and personally visited many shrines and tombs of mystics in Sindh. This firsthand experience enriches the entries, allowing readers to appreciate the spiritual ambiance surrounding these significant sites. Moreover, Dahot's work distinguishes itself from earlier publications such as Mayar Salikan-e-Tariqat and Tohfat-ul-Kiram. While those works were more selective and less ambitious in scope, this dictionary aims to encompass a broader range of Sindhi and Sindh-based Sufis and saints, offering more personal details about their lives, works and the Silsilas (spiritual lineages) they belonged to. Importantly, the book also addresses the needs of English-speaking readers outside Sindh, making the rich traditions of Sufism accessible to a global audience.
The entries within the dictionary highlight the notable presence of Sufis across various districts, reflecting the profound spiritual heritage of the province. For instance, the distribution of individuals across districts such as Karachi (60), Hyderabad (47), Thatta-Sujawal (94), Khairpur Mirs' (38), Sukkur (38), Jamshoro (23), Dadu (20), Badin (17), Larkana (17), Matiari (25), Shikarpur (24), Ghotki (14), Tando Allahyar (16), Tando Muhammad Khan (13), Sanghar (12), Qambar-Shahdadkot (11), Nawabshah (8), Mirpurkash (8), Jacobabad (9), Naushero Feroz (6), Kashomore (1), and Umerkot (8) showcases the vibrancy of Sufi traditions in Sindh, culminating in a total of 466 individuals documented. This comprehensive distribution illustrates not only the numbers but also the diverse practices, philosophies, and teachings that characterise Sufism, emphasising its deep-rooted presence throughout the province. In addition to that books also mentions some Sufis and their practices, who live beyond the boundaries of Sindh.
Importantly, the book addresses the needs of English-speaking readers outside Sindh, making the rich traditions of Sufism accessible to a global audience
Furthermore, the dictionary elaborates on key terms and concepts integral to understanding Sufism. Definitions of terms such as Murshid (spiritual guide), Murid (disciple), and Tariqa (Sufi order) are provided, along with explanations of major Sufi orders like Qadiriyya, Naqshbandi, Chishti, and Suhrawardi. Moreover, core concepts such as Fana (annihilation of the self) and Baqa (subsistence in God) are discussed, emphasising the philosophical depth of Sufi thought. The book also illuminates various Sufi practices, including Sama (spiritual concerts) and Muraqaba (meditative practices), enriching the reader's understanding of the experiential aspects of Sufism. Additionally, key philosophical ideas such as Wahdat al-Wujud (unity of being) and Ishq (divine love) are explored, providing a well-rounded view of Sufi ideology. One of the appendixes of the dictionary has listed and explained 195 terms used by the followers of various religions. However, majority of these terms belong to Islam. However, Hinduism, Christianity, Zoroastrianism and Buddhism terms of mysticism are also mentioned and explained.
Before concluding this review, it is fitting to introduce the author of the book, Khadim H Dahot, affectionately known as "Khaliq." He is a prominent social activist, humanist, writer, and poet who has significantly impacted the literary landscape of the region. Throughout his career, Khaliq has made notable contributions to literature by crafting insightful articles for various newspapers, allowing him to engage with a wide audience on pressing social and spiritual issues.
In addition to his journalistic endeavours, he has compiled and edited a Sindhi magazine titled Hadi, which serves as a platform for promoting Sindhi literature and culture. His commitment to social causes is further exemplified by his role as the founder of several non-profit organisations, including the Sufi Development Trust, which aims to preserve and promote the rich heritage of Sufism. Moreover, Khaliq is affiliated with the Seva Organisation (Khairpur Mirs’ Sindh), an initiative dedicated to advancing the teachings of Sufism and the practice of dervish traditions. Through his work, he not only contributes to the spiritual discourse but also fosters a sense of community among those who follow the Sufi path. His multifaceted approach to social activism and literature underscores his dedication to uplifting society and enriching the cultural fabric of the Indus Valley. This profound commitment to his craft and his community makes him a vital figure in contemporary Sufi literature and activism.
Now, let me conclude that The Dictionary of Indus Sufis and Saints stands as a monumental contribution to the field of Sufi studies. Its breadth and depth make it an essential resource for anyone interested in the spiritual traditions of the Indus Valley. The author's meticulous research and inclusive approach ensure that both novices and seasoned scholars will find valuable insights within its pages. I encourage readers to delve into this enlightening work, as it not only serves as a reference but also as a gateway to understanding the profound spiritual legacy of the Sufis and saints of Sindh. Reading this book will inspire a deeper appreciation for the rich tapestry of Sufi thought and practice that continues to influence countless lives today.