In numerous social contexts, it is customary for Pakistanis to engage in conversations with friends and family about the pressing issues affecting their country. These discussions often begin with seemingly insignificant topics related to family, personal affairs, or day-to-day life. However, as conversations progress, they frequently evolve into deeper examinations of the critical challenges facing the nation. This organic shift highlights a collective awareness among citizens, reflecting their desire to analyse and understand the complexities of their socio-political environment.
During these dialogues, it is common for participants to converge on the issues of corruption and systemic malpractices, ultimately reaching a consensus on the pervasive nature of these problems. Such conversations serve as a microcosm of public sentiment, illustrating a widespread frustration with governance and accountability. Participants often articulate their concerns, drawing on personal experiences and observations, and thus contribute to a broader discourse on the need for reforms. This engagement not only fosters a sense of community but also underscores the importance of civic awareness, as citizens grapple with the implications of corruption for their collective future and the well-being of the nation.
I have carried this verdict with me for a significant portion of my life, firmly believing in the conclusions drawn from my observations and experiences. However, recently, I felt it was necessary to reconsider this perspective and explore alternative viewpoints. This journey of introspection began through engaging in discussions with knowledgeable friends and colleagues, who illuminated my quest toward a broader intellectual landscape. Their insights introduced me to various philosophers and scholars whose works I had not previously encountered. Reading their perspectives, I began to realise the value of questioning my long-held beliefs and the potential for growth that comes from embracing new ideas, ultimately allowing me to engage more meaningfully with the world around me.
Prominent academics such as Robert Klitgaard, Francis Fukuyama, Susan Rose, Michael Johnston, and Paul Collier have extensively discussed the challenges faced by underdeveloped nations in the global south. They argue that incompetence serves as a fundamental cause that fosters an environment conducive to corruption.
To initiate the conversation, it is essential to recognise the connections and interdependencies between society and the state. Rather than engaging in the typical discourse where society or individuals criticise the state, it is important to acknowledge that the state and society are intertwined and mutually supportive. Anthony Giddens' "The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration" is a seminal contribution to modern sociology, positing that state systems and individual actions are interdependent and shape one another.
Prominent academics such as Robert Klitgaard, Francis Fukuyama, Susan Rose, Michael Johnston, and Paul Collier have extensively discussed the challenges faced by underdeveloped nations in the global south. They argue that incompetence serves as a fundamental cause that fosters an environment conducive to corruption. Individuals lacking qualifications and skills across various sectors contribute to a persistent cycle of inefficiency, which in turn facilitates unethical behaviour within those sectors.
Gidden posits that the interplay between systems (institutions, rules, and regulations) and individual or public actions is mutually reinforcing and complements each other. This notion warrants careful consideration. According to Susan Rose Ackerman, when state institutions are perceived as incompetent and ineffective, public trust diminishes, prompting individuals to seek shortcuts to circumvent the system. This behaviour stems from a lack of faith in the system's ability to serve its constituents, ultimately leading to unethical practices. When citizens observe that government officials are unable to fulfill their responsibilities competently, they may engage in corrupt activities, believing these actions are essential to maneuver through a flawed system.
Institutions, when considered in isolation, represent merely a collection of structures, guidelines, and policies crafted by individuals to benefit society. However, the true efficacy and power of these institutions lie in the capabilities of the individuals who operate within them as to how best they can deliver in the best interest of the state and society. As Francis Fukuyama astutely observes, establishing robust and proficient institutions is essential not only for curbing corruption but also for rebuilding public confidence in governance. The presence of skilled, competent, and knowledgeable human resources within these institutions is crucial, as their expertise directly influences the effectiveness of governance and policy implementation.
By prioritising the development of institutional capacity through targeted training and recruitment of competent individuals, communities can effectively tackle the underlying issues that give rise to corruption. This approach involves not only enhancing technical skills but also fostering ethical standards and a culture of accountability within not only the public sector but also in private enterprises. When institutions are shaped by individuals who possess both the requisite skills and a commitment to integrity, they become dynamic entities capable of adapting to societal needs and challenges.
If we genuinely aspire to transform our circumstances, we must confront the harsh realities of nepotism, favoritism, and a pervasive culture of clan-based employment and promotions head-on
In this way, a governance framework that is both accountable and efficient is created, one that not only resists the temptations of corruption but also inspires public trust and engagement. Ultimately, the synergy between well-designed institutions and capable individuals is fundamental to achieving a resilient and responsive governance system that serves the interests of all citizens.
Confronting the truth can often be uncomfortable, painful, and distressing. Yet, if we genuinely aspire to transform our circumstances, we must confront the harsh realities of nepotism, favoritism, and a pervasive culture of clan-based employment and promotions head-on. These practices not only undermine individual merit but also erode public trust in institutions and hinder overall progress. Acknowledging the detrimental impact of these systemic issues is the first step toward meaningful change. It requires a collective willingness to engage in difficult dialogue and a commitment to fostering an environment where fairness and transparency prevail. Only by recognising these uncomfortable truths can we begin to dismantle the barriers that stifle talent and innovation. Until merit—based solely on skill, knowledge, and professionalism—becomes the cornerstone of our society, any attempts to reform the system or beat the bush about corruption and envision a brighter future will remain mere illusions, ultimately leading us to a state of ignorance.
Since our childhood, we have grown up with the slogans like “Say no to Corruption” but do we see a decline in that menace? If the response is negative, what's wrong in trying to grapple with the other monster…. the “incompetence”? The entrenchment of nepotism and favoritism perpetuates a cycle of inefficiency, where unqualified individuals rise to positions of influence, stifling potential and innovation. I vividly remember my elders warning me in my yester years to be on the guard for “Darbaries”. Very late in my career, I realised that those who lack professional acumen, “The Incompetent,” take refuge behind their par excellence in buttering and flattering. This culture not only discourages those with genuine talent from contributing meaningfully but also fosters disillusionment among the populace, who see the disparity between qualifications and opportunities. To break this cycle, we must advocate for policies and instill practices that prioritise meritocracy, ensuring that every individual has a fair chance to succeed based on their capabilities, abilities, and contributions. Only then can we create a society that truly reflects our aspirations for equity and progress?
By prioritising merit-based systems, societies can attract and retain talented individuals who are better equipped to address complex challenges. When employment and promotion decisions are grounded in an individual’s skills, qualifications, and performance, organisations benefit from a workforce that is not only competent but also diverse in thought and experience. This diversity fosters creativity and innovation, allowing for more effective problem-solving and adaptability in the face of emerging issues. Individuals with exceptional abilities are attracted to organisations that appreciate and compensate for their efforts, fostering a constructive cycle in which outstanding performance is recognised and nurtured.