In October 1999, the civilian government was ousted in a military coup.
No follow-up action was taken on the Supreme Court judgement during General Pervez Musharraf’s rule from 1999 to 2008. In 2009, the Pakistan People’s Party government introduced a comprehensive package of reforms through the “GB Empowerment and Self-Governing Order 2009”. This order changed the name of Northern Areas to Gilgit Baltistan (GB) and provided for a 33-member legislative assembly with an elected chief minister. The Order also brought the administrative structure of GB closer to that in the other provinces.
Despite this important reforms package, the people of GB continued to press the demand for further constitutional and democratic rights. On 17 August 2015, the GB Assembly passed a resolution demanding that “GB should be given the status of a province of Pakistan.”
In October 2015, Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif set up a committee under my chairmanship to:
(i) Review the current constitutional and administrative status of GB and analyse any shortcomings.
(ii) Examine if the existing boundaries of GB overlap with the territories that formed part of the pre-independence state of Jammu and Kashmir.
(iii) Recommend constitutional and administrative reforms keeping in view the UN resolutions on Kashmir.
This GB committee included Mr Ashtar Ausaf Ali, Attorney General, Khwaja Zaheer Ahmad, Special Advisor to PM, Mr Hafeez ur Rehman, Chief Minister GB, Foreign Secretary, Aizaz Ahmad Chaudry, Secretary Kashmir Affairs and GB, Mr Abid Syed, Chief Secretary GB, Mr Tahir Hussain and then-Major General Shamshad Mirza, Director-General Military Operations. Dr Mohammad Faisal, then-DG South Asia acted as secretary of the committee.
The committee got down to working on its mandate and after a thorough study of historical archives, it submitted a 93-page report to the Prime Minister on 17 March 2017. Its main recommendations were:
a) In order to fulfil the aspirations of the people, the next logical step to implement the Supreme Court decision will be to provisionally give Gilgit-Baltistan the special status of a province, pending final settlement of the Jammu & Kashmir dispute. This step will be a positive response to the formal request from the people of GB as expressed in the unanimous resolution adopted by the GB Legislative Assembly on 17 August 2015.
b) This arrangement can be formalised by giving representation to Gilgit-Baltistan in the National Assembly and Senate, through constitutional amendments in Articles 51 and 59 of the Constitution of Pakistan rather than amendments to Article 1.
c) Since representation in the National Assembly will be based on the last official census, Gilgit-Baltistan will be entitled to three special seats, one for each of the three Divisions i.e Gilgit, Baltistan and Diamer. One additional woman seat can also be added, to be elected by the Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly. This Order can be issued by the President under article 258. Provision for these seats can be made by adding the following amendment to Article 51(4) of the Constitution:
“…and four seats to Gilgit-Baltistan to be filled from such date and in such manner as the President may by order specify, so granted as part of reforms to address aspirations of people of Gilgit-Balstistan, pending the final resolution of Jammu & Kashmir dispute as per the UN Security Council Resolutions without any prejudice to Pakistan’s principled stance.”
d) Similarly, three special seats can be created for GB in the Senate, one for each Division through appropriate amendment in Article 59.
e) To bring the GB Assembly at par with other Provincial Assemblies, all legislative subjects, other than those enumerated in Article 142 of the Constitution and its Fourth Schedule may be assigned to the Gilgit-Baltistan Assembly and the Council, in the prescribed manner, with corresponding executive powers.
f) Gilgit-Baltistan Government may be given representation in all constitutional bodies like National Economic Council, National Finance Commission and Indus River System Authority by extending special invitations, similar to those extended to AJK.
g) Simultaneously, a robust local government system should be set up in Gilgit-Baltistan as early as possible to provide all services at the grassroots level.
After taking over as prime minister, Mr Shahid Khaqan Abbasi chaired several meetings to consider these recommendations. This process culminated in a new “Government of Gilgit-Baltistan Order 2018”, which was promulgated in May 2018. Under this Order the powers of the GB Assembly were brought at par with other provinces by adding several additional subjects in the third schedule. GB was also given representation in all statutory bodies like NEC, NFC and IRSA. Civil Service reforms were also approved to give representation to GB in all relevant federal bodies, apart from a substantial increase in the allocation of development funds for GB, along with powers to approve development projects similar to those available to other provinces.
Since the term of the Pakistan Muslim League-N government was to expire on 31 May 2018, it was not possible to implement the last remaining requirement, namely amendments in articles 51 and 59 of the Constitution to give representation to the people of GB in the Parliament of Pakistan as part of the provisional special status of a province to GB. All other recommendations of the GB committee had been implemented through GB Order 2018.
In making those recommendations, the GB committee, as required in its Terms of Reference number (iii) had paid special attention to the implications of the UN resolutions on Kashmir. That is why the committee had taken care to recommend amendments in article 51 and 59 to give special seats to GB in the Pakistan Parliament but not in article 1 which describes the composition of the federation.
Unfortunately, in the next two years this important subject did not receive the attention it deserved. In the face of several negative developments, no one with adequate knowledge of the reform process was given the responsibility to keep it on track.
In July 2018, the GB Appellate Court set aside the GB Order 2018 and restored the GB self-governance Order 2009. But this judgement was suspended by the Supreme Court on 3 December 2018. The Apex Court also ordered the Federal Government “to propose a fresh draft order for the governance of GB on the basis of the recommendation of the Sartaj Aziz committee”.
A new draft “GB Governance Reform Order 2019” was accordingly submitted to the Supreme Court which approved it on 17 January and asked the Federal Government to take further action expeditiously. In a subsequent meeting of all stakeholders on 16 February 2019, it was agreed that the GB Reform 2019 would have to be enacted through an act of parliament. A committee under the Minister of KA and GB was set up for this purpose. Since then no progress on the work of this committee has been reported so far. Meanwhile, the development allocation for GB in 2019-2020 was reduced by one-third and the process initiated by the PML-N government to give representation to GB in Federal Statutory bodies was also suspended.
In September 2020, as the time for GB elections approached, someone in the government suddenly realised that a formal announcement to give provisional status of a province to GB could be of considerable advantage to the ruling party in these elections. In desperation, it seems that they requested the Chief of Army Staff to convene a meeting of party leaders and persuade them to cooperate in this task. At the meeting with the Army Chief, both the main opposition parties expressed their support for granting provisional status of a province to GB but emphasised that the required legislative and other steps for this purpose should be taken after the GB elections, scheduled for 15 November 2020.
I hope that in the coming weeks, the government will undertake the required preparatory work, including draft legislation, to enable the Parliament to debate and approve the required constitutional amendments to give the people of GB due representation in the parliament of Pakistan after the GB elections are over in November 2020.
The writer is a former finance and foreign minister of Pakistan. At the time he chaired the GB Committee, he was also the national security advisor.